What is meant by 'musical improvisation'?

Musical improvisation refers to the spontaneous creation of music during a performance. This practice allows musicians to express their creativity and individuality in real-time, often leading to unique and unexpected musical moments. In improvisation, musicians do not rely on pre-written scores; instead, they draw on their musical knowledge, experience, and instincts to create melodies, harmonies, and rhythms on the spot. This art form is critical in various musical genres, such as jazz, where improvisation is a core element, but it can also be found in other styles, including classical and folk traditions.

Rehearsing before a performance, composing music, and editing recorded music are fundamental processes in music making, but they involve preparation and planning rather than the spontaneous, on-the-fly creation that characterizes improvisation. This distinction highlights the unique role that improvisation plays within the broader context of musical performance and creativity.