What musical term describes a direction for performers to pluck the strings of an instrument?

The term that describes a direction for performers to pluck the strings of an instrument is pizzicato. This instruction is primarily used in the context of string instruments, such as the violin, cello, and double bass, where performers can produce a sound by pulling and releasing the string with their fingers rather than using a bow. Pizzicato creates a distinct, percussive sound that contrasts with bowed playing.

In music, pizzicato is an essential technique that offers different expressive qualities and is often employed to add variety to a piece. The other terms mentioned focus on different performance techniques: legato indicates a smooth and connected style of playing, staccato denotes short and detached notes, and arpeggio refers to the playing of the notes of a chord in succession rather than simultaneously. Each term has its specific context within music, but pizzicato uniquely signifies the act of plucking strings.